Hypoglycaemia occurs when your blood sugar level drops too low (usually below 4.0 mmol/l). This can only happen if you are taking insulin or certain tablets for your diabetes.

You may feel one or more of the following things. These usually appear quickly.

• Shaking
• Dizziness
• Hunger
• Fast heart beat
• Tingling around the mouth and lips
• Feeling tired or weak
• Headache

• Confusion
• Behaviour as if drunk
• Slurred speech
• Drowsiness which may lead to becoming unconscious

• Skipping or delaying meals and snacks
• Not eating enough carbohydrate (starchy) food
• Too much insulin or tablets
• Drinking alcohol without food
• Extra physical activity without eating extra food

• 5 - 7 jelly beans
• 1 glass of soft drink (not diet)
• 1 glass of fruit juice
• 2-4 teaspoons of sugar or honey

• 1 piece of fruit
• 1 glass milk
• 1 sandwich
• 2-4 dry biscuits
  or
• If it is time for your meal, have it immediately.

• Never give any food or fluids by mouth
• Turn the person on their side
• Call an ambulance

An injection to raise the blood sugar level called ‘Glucagon’ can be given by a family member at home. Speak to your doctor if you think this is necessary.

• Eat your meals on time and don’t skip meals
• Make sure you eat enough carbohydrate (starchy) food at each meal
• If drinking alcohol, have it with a carbohydrate (starchy) snack e.g. pretzels, dry biscuits or bread
• Eat extra carbohydrate (starchy) food if planning extra physical activity.

You cannot work out why your blood sugar level is dropping too low. The dosage of your insulin or tablets may need to be reduced.

Always carry some form of sugar e.g. jelly beans

Talk to your family and friends about low blood sugar levels so they know how to help you

Carry an identification card, bracelet or necklace stating you have diabetes in case of emergency