Insulin is a hormone produced by a gland called the pancreas.

Insulin enables glucose in the blood to enter body cells such as muscles where it can be used for energy.

In the case of diabetes, the pancreas does not make enough insulin and normal levels of blood glucose cannot be maintained.

The body needs help and this may require the administration of insulin. All insulin preparations lower blood glucose levels.

Five types of insulin are available and you and your doctor will discuss which is right for you.

Key points to remember are:

• Type of insulin preparation used and daily dosage.

• The time your insulin has its maximum effect and how long it lasts for.

• Regular timing of injections and meals.

• Report to your health care professional any change in lifestyle, working hours, physical activity or meal times